I still see the old good chkdsk command everywhere in blog posts.

However, since Windows 8 and Windows 2012 Server you have now the Repair-Volume which is doing the same work.

Like for the chkdsk tool, you have the scan, spotfix and the OfflineScanAndFix parameters.

In addition, here are some other useful tools cmdlets:
– Get-VolumeCorruptionCount
– Get-Storage​Reliability​Counter
– Get-File​Integrity
– Repair-File​Integrity

I invite you to have a look at the official documentation of these cmdlets just below.

More about

Repair-Volume (Microsoft Docs)
Get-Volume​Corruption​Count (Microsoft Docs)
Get-Storage​Reliability​Counter (Microsoft Docs)
Get-File​Integrity (Microsoft Docs)
Repair-File​Integrity (Microsoft Docs)